Wednesday, March 25, 2015

Silkworm Basics and Informative Websites

we found many useful websites but the ones that worked the best with how we wanted to raise silkworms are listed below, we are not promoting any site (ok well, maybe my kids YouTube video)

We found these guys to be fast at delivering food and anything else we needed


We learned a lot from this website and adapted what we learned from them to meet our needs

here is the boys YouTube video for their science fair project
Science Fair YouTube video

raising silkworms isnt very hard if you think about their basic needs, which are
      
      -airflow
      -heat (75-85degrees)
      -little moisture
      -food (3 times a day)
      -water (they get their water from the food so providing water isn't necessary, just make sure to provide them with fresh food when the old dries out)

Step One: Hatching Eggs



-Temp 75-85, maintain temp best results are with a light bulb and a small thermometer adjust light accordingly to maintain temp, we used a simple desk lamb and would raise and lower the bulb when necessary

recording every step like a little scientist!

we used a small plastic cage, a cottage cheese lid, fish tank thermometer and a desk lamp with a 45watt bulb for this setup





-Hatching time 3-20 days, around one week however is normal as long as the temp is maintained

-we bought a small cage to keep the eggs in, this allowed us to keep the eggs at the correct temperature and we were able to isolate their environment which was helpful for when they hatched.

Step Two: Raising Silkworms



After Eggs Hatch
-Temp 75-85 (this temp needs to remain the same throughout every stage of growth to ensure optimum growth and life)

I fed the silkworms entirely too much food at the beginning I found that taking a small amount in my fingers and crumbling it worked much better and I had less waste

-feed the silkworms 3 times a day with ONLY MULBERRY LEAVES OR MULBERRY MUSH!!!!! When they get older you can actually HEAR them eating

I get my silkworm food from Mulberry Farms, they are fast at delivering and the prices are reasonable Silkworm-Chow-Food

-eventually we moved the silkworms out of the cottage cheese lid (when they were about 2 ½ weeks old

-as the silkworms got bigger we upgraded them to cookie sheets
-as they continued to get bigger we added cooling racks


-eventually we added spacers made from toilet paper rolls split into 3rds. This was important because it allowed for air and heat to flow between levels, and gave the larvae some headroom, but it also meant that the above floor was close enough for them to climb up onto if they were choosing to cocoon


-we had so many silkworms that we had to do a three tiered apartment setup for them.

-eventually as it became apparent that the silkworms (they were climbing a lot and laying some silk webbing on everything) were wanting to cocoon I took the newspaper off the cooling racks and placed an egg carton on the top rack. The silkworms always climb up to cocoon. They didn’t always make it to the egg carton, some chose to cocoon on the underneath side of the racks but this again allowed for airflow and free silkworm movement 

this is what we were trying to duplicate

-to maintain heat this is what we did


-it was a crude setup but it worked, to maintain the temp the silkworm needed to survive we placed their entire housing complex inside a box and stuck a light inside (it was a normal 45 watt bulb and desk lamp, nothing special)

-then we covered the whole thing with a towel, this allowed for air to still flow and extra heat to be released, we didn’t have extra moisture issues (which can become a problem because of all the waste they create)

-we experimented with many ways of creating an environment and this seemed to work the best for us. We started out with the silkworms in plastic containers that were stacked and that worked until the silkworms got bigger and needed more airflow and created a lot of unnecessary moisture (it was like sleeping on a plastic air mattress when your sweaty…yuck!) The silkworms began to die off at an incredible rate when this happened and that’s when we switched to the racks and box method.

****-as they got bigger they began to create a large amount of waste and we found that it was necessary to change the newspaper every 2-3 days as suggested at the wormspit website

***-ALSO if the poop newspaper isn’t changed the silkworms can really kick up some wicked smells so save yourself the trouble and CHANGE THE NEWSPAPER!!!
-the growth cycle takes anywhere from 25-40 days once the silkworms have hatched


-we would have anywhere from 2-10 that would get sick at one time. We removed them from the others and housed them in an egg carton that was dubbed “sickbay” where we continued to keep them warm and with food. Sometimes they would recover and would cocoon up as you can see on the left bottom but most would slowly darken and die. They always had a “water burial” when this happened.

Step Three: Silkworm Growth

Silkworms grow at a tremendous rate over the course of their short lives. They start off only around this big "l" when born which is a little less than 2cm in length.

from the moment they hatch they produce silk, it acts as a tether for the silkworms because they are blind

we moved the tiny silkworms around with a small paint brush

This baby silkworm is a few days old
-within 7-10 days the silkworm have doubled in size, and are beginning to change color

7-10 days old
-14-18 days


-18-25 days


-30-40 days






-here is a silkworm molting, they do this four times during their larval growing stage



silkworm casting (molted skin)


-there are multiple types of silkworms also known as Bombyx Mori

these are Zebra and Standard Bombyx Mori




Step Four: Cocooning

silkworms seem to go through "mock" trials of cocooning a few days before they actually do it, which gives you a chance to start preparing.  They start laying strands on everything which can be annoying when your trying to clean their cage. Even though they cant see I put objects for them to "cocoon within" for them to explore, toilet paper rolls and egg cartons seemed to be their favorite. I would simply lay them on the floor of their "apartment for them to climb on.

Once they do actually cocoon I wait for them to have a decent setup (about 20-25 hrs of cocoon webbing strung together) and then I'd remove them from the others.

silkworms really liked toilet paper rolls to cocoon in
This silkworm chose a stick to cocoon on, if you look closely you can see the strand of silk!
HERE IS A VIDEO OF ONE OF MY SILKWORMS COCOONING
 cocooning silkworm

Step Five: I Have a Bunch of Cocoons, WHAT DO I DO??????



-we ended up with quite a few cocoons approx. 300 with at least 100-120 that died before cocooning up (this was because I didn't understand how sensitive they were to temperature and moisture) it took me about 10 days to figure out what was wrong

 

-we did let some hatch (five), most we did not
(the big one is a female the small one is the male)


-we cooked the silkworm cocoons at 180 degrees for 40 min 3 times.
It is necessary to remove the moisture from the silk and the bug to prevent mold and mildew growth

REMEMBER WHEN THEY COME OUT OF THE COCOON AS A MOTH THEY HAVE NO MOUTH SO THEY CANT EAT!!! PRETTY MUCH YOU HAVE TO DECIDE IF YOU WANT 300-1000 EGGS PER FEMALE MOTH AND THEN WATCH HER SLOWLY DIE FOR 2 WEEKS OR…COOK THE COCOONS

-there is a smell when you cook the cocoons, I’ve smelled worse of course, but it does smells like your roasting something